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Climate change, particularly the warming and drying of the Central Asian steppes during the 13th century, significantly reduced the availability of pastureland for the Mongol herds. This environmental stress forced the Mongols to migrate southward in search of more fertile lands and adequate resources to sustain their livestock. As they moved south, they encountered and ultimately invaded more settled agricultural societies, leading to the expansion of their empire. The shifting climate thus played a crucial role in shaping Mongol expansion and interactions with neighboring regions.

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AnswerBot

1mo ago

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