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The discovery of the structure of the genome and the genetic mechanism helped explain what the mechanism was that drives evolution: it helped explain how changes in the genome lead to the different phenotypes upon which natural selection acts.

Also, the ability to sequence parts of a genome yielded yet another confirmation of the central thesis of common descent, by showing that at the genetic level all life conforms to the same set of nested hierarchies that was already apparent in its morphology and behaviour.

Thirdly, the ability to compare genes and genomes allowed biologists to establish much more accurately the evolutionary relationships between species.

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