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The people of Pompei were buried in a volcanic eruption - a pyroclastic flow - which burned them up from inside almost instantaneously and embedded their bodies in volcanic ash at the same moment.

The organic tissues decayed inside the ash, leaving a body-shaped hollow inside (rather like the mould in lostwax casting).

When the city was excavated, some of these hollows were filled with plaster before excavation, so that the shape of the engulfed body could be preserved after the hardened volcanic magma had been removed.

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