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Technically, there is stuff in space ... atoms of all kinds of elements, mostly hydrogen.

But the stuff is so thin that it's actually a stronger vacuum than can be created in earth laboratories. I've seen estimates like "one atom in a cubic inch", which is awfully thin.

We know that the stuff in space is as good as nothing. Maybe the easiest proof is this:

When a satellite has to plow through any gas in space, it loses energy, its orbit 'decays', and it falls into whatever it's orbiting. The International Space Station, in orbit 'outside' the earth's atmosphere about 240 miles up, loses a few miles off of its orbit every month or so, and they have to give it a bump with a rocket engine to boost it back up to where they want it.

From observing the planets and their moons for the past 500 years or so, including our own moon, we can see how much they're slowing down ... or not slowing down. We can easily calculate how 'thick' the stuff is in space, and the answer is: a few atoms, but as good as nothing. and there are 78 000 000 000 000 000 000 atoms in one grain of sand so how many atoms in space i wonder

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