How do alga perform osmoregulation?

Answer 1

Algae perform osmoregulation primarily through the use of specialized structures called contractile vacuoles, which help expel excess water that enters their cells through osmosis. They also utilize osmotic regulators, such as solutes like glycerol or other organic compounds, to balance internal osmotic pressure with their surrounding environment. In marine algae, the presence of salts helps maintain osmotic balance, while freshwater species may actively uptake ions to counteract the influx of water. Additionally, some algae can adjust their cellular permeability and metabolic processes to adapt to varying osmotic conditions.