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The atoms in a gas are less bound, and further apart from eachother, whereas in a liquid they're closer, and less energetic (not individualliy moving around as much).

If you cool a gas, or compress it enough those free atoms will both loose energy due to cooling or increase in pressure and be forced to be closer to one another. When close enough, weak intermolecular bonds will form, some stronger than others depending on the atoms and electrical configuration involved and it will become a liquid. If you give them energy, by heating it up, those atoms will move around more and break those intermolecular bonds, becoming a gas again, so liquid is a less energetic state for individual atoms.

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