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Antibiotic resistance: Bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics through genetic mutations, making the drugs less effective in treating infections. Pesticide resistance: Insects can develop resistance to pesticides over time, reducing the effectiveness of pest management strategies in agriculture.
Unlike bacteria, eukaryotic pathogens have lessfeatures that differ from host cells and thusless targets to work with:• e.g., ribosomes and other metabolic processesare basically the same as oursFor this reason there are fewer drugs to turn toin order to treat eukaryotic infections, howeverthere are some unique features with which totarget many eukaryotic pathogens.
A sperm or egg alone can not develop into a new individual. Only an egg fertilized by a sperm does.
Bacterial populations can develop drug resistance through mutations that make them less susceptible to antibiotics. They can also acquire resistance genes from other bacteria through mechanisms like conjugation, transformation, or transduction, allowing them to share resistance traits. This exchange of genetic material can lead to the rapid spread of drug resistance among bacterial populations.
They are said to be susceptible.
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When connected in series, the overall effective resistance of a bunch of individual resistors is the sum of the individual resistances. It's always more than the resistance of any individual. When connected in parallel, the reciprocal of the overall resistance of a bunch of individual resistors is the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances. It's always less than the resistance of any individual. When two resistors are connected in parallel, the overall effective resistance of the pair is (the product of the two individual resistances) divided by (the sum of the two individual resistances). It's always less than the smaller individual resistance.
It depends on the values of the individual resistors. But if each resistor is identical, then the total resistance will be one-quarter that of an individual resistor.
Biological resistance refers to the body's natural ability to repel attacks by biotic agents such as pathogens or toxins. It could also mean the genetic ability to survive lethal doses of biocides.
Natural selection favors the evolution of drug-resistant pathogens because when a population of pathogens is exposed to antibiotics, those that have genetic variations allowing them to survive and reproduce will pass on these resistance traits to future generations. Over time, this can lead to the emergence of drug-resistant strains as the surviving pathogens multiply.
Carrier
Add all the individual resistance values.
It is an acquired immunity
The resistance of a series circuit is simply the sum of the individual resistors.
Antibiotic resistance: Bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics through genetic mutations, making the drugs less effective in treating infections. Pesticide resistance: Insects can develop resistance to pesticides over time, reducing the effectiveness of pest management strategies in agriculture.
Bacillus anthracis bacterium, food borne pathogens, antibiotic resistance