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While gravity and friction will hold loose material, cohesion within rock surfaces is also important. Anything that reduces the friction (such as water), or reduces cohesion (such as a tremor) or adds potential energy (more rock, structures, people, vehicles) can cause the material to slide downhill over the underlying material.

When stress is greater than strength,the slope becomes unstable and slope failure may occur. A landslide is a kind of slope failure.

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