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A lichen-forming fungus controls the process of association with its algae (that combine with fungi to form lichens) . This association is basically parasitic (the algae are to some extent transformed and even killed by the fungus (form a kingdom distinct from "true plants" in that they lack chlorophyll and thus must find food as animals do, accomplishing this either by living on dead organic materials or on living organisms as parasites) , which absorbs carbohydrates produced by the algae's photosynthesis), but the fungus also protects the algae from excess light, spreads their surface area, and provides a steadied supply of water without which the algae would die, so "symbiosis" is the typical, stabilized form of their association.

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