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If you wish to separate the constituents of a mixture, knowledge of the properties the constituent substances will help you figure out how to go about separating them. If you have any property (solubility in water, for example) that applies to at least one of you substances, and doesn't to another, you can use the property to separate them.

If you wish to separate a solution, knowing the solubility curves of each solute will allow you to separate by changing the temperature. For example, Potassium nitrate has a much higher solubility in water than sodium chloride at high temperatures, but at or near zero degrees Celsius, it has much less. So, if you had a solution of sodium chloride and potassium nitrate, you could lower the temperature drastically and most of the potassium nitrate will precipitate. This is but one example.

If you have a solid mixture, and a certain number of the substances in it will dissolve in water (or any other solvent), washing the mixture with the solvent will dissolve those, leaving everything else behind (you could filter the solvent out to separate the substances which don't dissolve)

If your substances are physically different in size, you could pass the mixture through a sieve (for example, to separate sand and gravel).

If one of your substances is magnetic, but others aren't, you could use a magnet to separate them.

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Amalia Crooks

Lvl 10
3y ago

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