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Like the receptors for other protein hormones, the receptor for insulin is embedded in the plasma membrane. The insulin receptor is composed of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits linked by disulfide bonds. The alpha chains are entirely extracellular and house insulin binding domains, while the linked beta chains penetrate through the plasma membrane.
The insulin receptor is a tyrosine kinase. In other words, it functions as an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to tyrosine residues on intracellular target proteins. Binding of insulin to the alpha subunits causes the beta subunits to phosphorylate themselves (autophosphorylation), thus activating the catalytic activity of the receptor. The activated receptor then phosphorylates a number of intracellular proteins, which in turn alters their activity, thereby generating a biological response.
Several intracellular proteins have been identified as phosphorylation substrates for the insulin receptor, the best-studied of which is insulin receptor substrate 1 or IRS-1. When IRS-1 is activated by phosphorylation, a lot of things happen. Among other things, IRS-1 serves as a type of docking center for recruitment and activation of other enzymes that ultimately mediate insulin's effects. from yo mama
What else can I help you with?
What causes substances to combine in different ways to make other substances?
A chemical reaction causes substances to combine in different ways to make other substances.
What are two basic ways that cells can digest a substance?
Cells can digest substances through intracellular digestion, where enzymes break down molecules inside the cell's cytoplasm, or through extracellular digestion, where enzymes are secreted outside the cell to break down larger substances before they are absorbed.
Discuss two ways cells are alike?
Cells are alike in that they both contain essential cellular components, such as a plasma membrane that regulates the movement of substances in and out, and genetic material (DNA) that carries the information necessary for growth, reproduction, and functioning. Additionally, all cells perform basic life processes, including metabolism and energy production, which are crucial for maintaining their structure and function. Despite their differences in type and complexity, these shared characteristics are fundamental to the life of all organisms.
How does the structure of leukocytes relate to their function?
Leukocytes have a flexible shape that allows them to squeeze through blood vessel walls and reach tissues to fight infections. They have a nucleus and various organelles to perform functions such as phagocytosis, production of antibodies, and releasing inflammatory mediators. This structural design enables leukocytes to carry out their immune system functions effectively.
What are ways that plant cells are different from other eukaryotic cells?
Plant cells have chloroplasts. They have glyoxisomes and photosynthetic
LS26 Describe ways in which substances work by altering the way cell function eg insulin?
your moma
What causes substances to combine in different ways to make other substances?
A chemical reaction causes substances to combine in different ways to make other substances.
How can a mutation in the DNA of a cell alter its behavior in ways that distinguish it from normal cells?
A mutation in a cell's DNA can change the way the cell functions, leading to behaviors that are different from normal cells. This can result in abnormal growth, function, or communication with other cells, which can cause the cell to behave in ways that are distinct from healthy cells.
What are two ways that denesity of a substane can change?
By altering pressure and temperature respectively.
What are three that ways to control enzymes?
Temperature: Enzyme activity can be controlled by adjusting the temperature, as most enzymes have an optimal temperature at which they function best. pH: Enzyme activity is also influenced by the pH of the environment, and maintaining an appropriate pH level can help regulate enzyme function. Inhibitors: Enzyme activity can be inhibited by specific molecules that bind to the enzyme and prevent it from carrying out its catalytic function. This can be used as a way to control enzyme activity in biological systems.
Is water in medicine?
Yes. It chemically affects the body in many similar ways to some painkillers, mind altering substances and other chemical agents; it is highly addictive (people can easily die from water withdrawal symptoms); and overdose is quite possible.
What are two basic ways that cells can digest a substance?
Cells can digest substances through intracellular digestion, where enzymes break down molecules inside the cell's cytoplasm, or through extracellular digestion, where enzymes are secreted outside the cell to break down larger substances before they are absorbed.
What are the ways in describing a function?
A formula or graph are two ways to describe a math function. How a math function is described depends on the domain of the function or the complexity of the function.
Discuss two ways cells are alike?
Cells are alike in that they both contain essential cellular components, such as a plasma membrane that regulates the movement of substances in and out, and genetic material (DNA) that carries the information necessary for growth, reproduction, and functioning. Additionally, all cells perform basic life processes, including metabolism and energy production, which are crucial for maintaining their structure and function. Despite their differences in type and complexity, these shared characteristics are fundamental to the life of all organisms.
What are two ways that like a membrane?
Both act as selective barriers, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell or organelle. Both can facilitate communication and transportation within and between cells.
What ways do red cells protect the body?
Red cells do not directly protect the body, as their main and only task is shipping oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the body parts so they can function. White cells are the ones that do the job of fighting intrudes to the body.
Function of a cell body?
A cell body keeps the cell safe in many ways. It is responsible for repairing the cell, preserving energy and generating new cells.
