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Through their gills, fish take in oxygen that is dissolved in water. This oxygen is then carried by blood cells to the other cells in the fish's body.
Oxygen is dissolved in water. The fish needs to get this oxygen into it's bloodstream.

This occurs passively by diffusion across the gills. At the gills only a thin membrane separates the blood from the water. Oxygen moves from the water across the membrane into the bloodstream.

The greater the concentration difference between the water and blood, the faster the rate of transfer. By pumping blood across the gills (circulatory system), the blood exposed is consistently oxygen depleted, and thus concentration difference remains high and oxygen transfer rate is maximised.

If blood wasn't flowing the blood at gills would become oxygenated and then mass transfer would stop. Another way of looking at it is that oxygen would start diffusing out of blood as fast as oxygen diffuses in to blood.

Basically, circulatory system keeps 'fresh' blood at gills so it can keep absorbing oxygen.

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