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The easiest way to determine the valency of an atom is to locate its place on the Periodic Table. Generally, it is useful to remember that metals tend to give away valence electrons where non metal atoms tend to obtain them.

For example, sodium, a metal, is in group 1 has valency of 1. Sulfur, a non metal, is in group 16 and is 2 electrons away from its stable electron configuration, hence it has valency of 2.

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