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In general, gemologists identify gemstones by physical characteristics such as chemical composition, refractive index, specific gravity and hardness. In the case of ruby, a gemologist also has to distinguish between natural ruby -- ruby occurring in nature -- and synthetic ruby -- ruby produced in a laboratory through a process such as flame fusion. One of the signature characteristics of a synthetic ruby is curved growth lines formed as the crystal grows upwards in an environment with a high thermal gradient.

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14y ago

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