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If they were they would not travel through a vacuum because there would be nothing to compress. But they do travel through vacuums, so they can't be compression waves.

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The above does not exclude a medium that can exist in a vacuum

For EM waves to be a compression wave, it must have some medium.

For many years, the ether/aether was considered to be the medium, but the Michelson-Morley experiment failed to show any effect consistent with ether/aether, and the concept is now considered invalied.

So, since the ether/aether cannot be detected, EM waves have no medium, so EM waves are not compression waves.

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