How do you preserve genetic diversity of plants?

Answer 1

Genetic diversity is a very important issue in agriculture. Gene banks store cells from various species in liquid nitrogen that can later be used to preserve the gene pool of an endangered species. A good example of this principle is in the growing of barley. Barley has a narrow genetic base, which leads to vulnerability to disease and pests. Since 1900, no more than 20 sources of germplasm have contributed to the varieties that make up the majority of US barley acreage. This concerns growers and breeders because of two recent warning signs: since 1994 two barley head blight epidemics that have caused billion dollar losses to farmers. Efforts are being made by the North American Barley Genome Mapping Project to build maps of barley germplasm to introduce resistance to the blight into the US barley germplasm base. Over 1,000 loci have been placed on these maps, showing where on the DNA traits such as malting quality, winter-hardiness, and disease resistance are located.

Answer 2

To preserve the genetic diversity of plants, conservation efforts such as seed banks, maintaining diverse populations in botanical gardens, and promoting sustainable farming practices that prioritize heirloom and indigenous crop varieties can be implemented. It is also crucial to protect natural habitats and ecosystems where wild plant species thrive to ensure their genetic diversity is maintained. Regular monitoring, research, and breeding programs can further contribute to the preservation of plant genetic diversity.