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ATP and NADPH is created from the light-dependent reactions and sent to the Calvin cycle. During the Calvin cycle, 6 CO2 is combined with 6 RuBP by Rubisco to form 12 PGA. Then 12 ATPand 12 NADPH are used to convert 12 PGA to 12 G3P. 2 G3P is used for glucose synthesis while another 6 ATP is used to convert the remaining 10 G3P to 6 RuBP. A total of 18 ATP and 12 NADPH played a role in glucose synthesis during the Calvin cycle.
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What are the enzyme involved in the synthesis of starch?
The primary enzymes involved in the synthesis of starch are starch synthases, which catalyze the addition of glucose units from ADP-glucose to form amylose and amylopectin, the two main components of starch. Additionally, branching enzymes (such as branching enzyme 1) introduce α-1,6-glycosidic bonds, creating the branched structure of amylopectin. Other enzymes, like debranching enzymes, may also play a role in modifying and remodeling starch during its synthesis and metabolism.
What are the surgers made by plants called?
The sugars produced by plants are primarily called carbohydrates, with the most common type being glucose. These sugars are synthesized through the process of photosynthesis, where plants convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen. Other types of sugars produced include sucrose and fructose, which play vital roles in energy storage and transport within the plant.
What is the function if the plants chloroblast?
Chloroplasts are specialized organelles in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. They contain chlorophyll, the pigment that captures sunlight, and facilitate the transformation of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This not only provides energy for the plant but also contributes to the oxygen supply in the atmosphere. Additionally, chloroplasts play a role in the synthesis of fatty acids and amino acids, supporting overall plant metabolism.
Why does the sun need plants?
Plants help the sun by converting its energy through photosynthesis into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process provides nourishment for plants and allows them to grow, reproducing more plants that in turn support other living organisms in the ecosystem. Ultimately, plants play a crucial role in the food chain and in maintaining the balance of the Earth's atmosphere.
Why is sunlight important to plant?
Plants make their food by a process called Photosynthesis. In this process, the energy from the sunlight is converted into chemical energy. This process takes place inside the Chlorophyll which is situated inside Chloroplasts. The light energy is utilized for production of NADPH AND ATP molecules. These molecules actually supply all the plant cells with the required energy. The NADPH electron converts the carbon dioxide into G3P which in turn is used to make glucose for the plant. That is why sunlight is important for plants.
What role does glucose play in the synthesis of protein within the human body?
Glucose serves as a source of energy for the body, allowing cells to perform the necessary functions for protein synthesis. It provides the building blocks and fuel needed for the process of creating proteins in the human body.
What is the role of redox reaction in photosynthesis?
In photosynthesis, redox reactions play a crucial role in transferring electrons from water to carbon dioxide, converting them into oxygen and glucose. This electron transfer is essential for the production of energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, which are used in the synthesis of carbohydrates in plants.
What is the role of molecules such as nadph and nadh and fadh2 in metabolic processes?
NADPH, NADH, and FADH2 are molecules that carry energy in the form of electrons during metabolic processes. They play crucial roles in processes like glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell. NADPH is particularly important for anabolic reactions like lipid and nucleic acid synthesis.
Photosynthesis carrier molecules?
In photosynthesis, carrier molecules like NADPH and ATP play crucial roles in transferring energy and electrons during the light-dependent reactions. NADPH carries energized electrons to fuel the Calvin cycle, while ATP provides energy for glucose synthesis. These molecules help convert light energy into chemical energy that plants use for growth and survival.
What role does glucose play in the Calvin cycle?
Glucose is not directly involved in the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle is a series of chemical reactions that occur in plants to convert carbon dioxide into glucose, which is a form of stored energy.
What is the amyloplasts job?
Amyloplasts are specialized organelles found in plant cells that primarily function in the synthesis and storage of starch. They convert glucose into starch for energy storage, which can later be broken down into glucose when the plant needs energy. Amyloplasts are particularly abundant in storage tissues like tubers and seeds. Additionally, they play a role in the synthesis of other carbohydrates and can help in regulating the plant's energy balance.
What are the enzyme involved in the synthesis of starch?
The primary enzymes involved in the synthesis of starch are starch synthases, which catalyze the addition of glucose units from ADP-glucose to form amylose and amylopectin, the two main components of starch. Additionally, branching enzymes (such as branching enzyme 1) introduce α-1,6-glycosidic bonds, creating the branched structure of amylopectin. Other enzymes, like debranching enzymes, may also play a role in modifying and remodeling starch during its synthesis and metabolism.
What is the center of protein synthesis?
Ribosomes play important role in the protein synthesis.
Is glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis a function of the liver?
Yes, both glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis are key functions of the liver. Glycogenolysis is the process by which glycogen is broken down into glucose, providing an immediate source of energy. Gluconeogenesis, on the other hand, involves the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, helping to maintain blood glucose levels during fasting or intense exercise. Together, these processes play a crucial role in regulating glucose homeostasis in the body.
What are the surgers made by plants called?
The sugars produced by plants are primarily called carbohydrates, with the most common type being glucose. These sugars are synthesized through the process of photosynthesis, where plants convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen. Other types of sugars produced include sucrose and fructose, which play vital roles in energy storage and transport within the plant.
Why are Electron carriers important in photosynthesis?
Electron carriers, such as NADP+ and ferredoxin, play a crucial role in photosynthesis by shuttling high-energy electrons during the light-dependent reactions. These carriers help to transfer electrons from water to generate ATP and NADPH, which are essential for the Calvin cycle to produce sugars. Overall, electron carriers facilitate the conversion of light energy into chemical energy that is used to drive the synthesis of organic molecules in plants.
What compounds are made by plants from glucose manufactured in photosynthesis?
Plants can use glucose to create a variety of compounds including starch for energy storage, cellulose for structural support, and various organic molecules like amino acids, lipids, and nucleic acids required for growth and development. Additionally, plants may also convert glucose into secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds that play roles in defense, signaling, and attraction.
