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Newton's work explained how the planets follow Kepler's three laws of planetary motion, in detail, and therefore provided a huge boost to the general acceptance of the Kepler model. It could be described as the beginning of analytical science.

Kepler found from observations that the planets follow elliptical orbits, and Newton showed that with an inverse-square gravity force between each planet and the Sun, the planet must conform with all of Kepler's laws.

Along the way Newton produced important discoveries in theoretical science: the three laws of motion and the differential calculus, and all of those were necessary parts of his detailed work on the planets.

From measurements of the planets' distances and sizes, along with observations of Jupiter's moons, it was then possible to use Newton's results to calculate the mass of all the planets and moons, and the gravity forces acting on them.

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