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Combustion or burning is the sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species. The release of heat can result in the production of light in the form of either glowing or a flame. Most fuels of interest are organic compounds (especially hydrocarbon) in the gas, liquid or solid phase.

In a complete combustion reaction, a compound reacts with an oxidizing element, such as oxygen or fluorine, and the products are compounds of each element in the fuel with the oxidizing element. For example:CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + energyCH2S + 6F2 → CF4 + 2HF + SF6

A simpler example can be seen in the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen, which is a commonly used reaction in rocket engines:2H2 + O2 → 2H2O(g) + heat

The result is water vapor.

In the large majority of industrial applications of combustion and in fires, air is the source of oxygen (O2). In air, each kg (lbm) of oxygen is mixed with approximately 3.76 kg (lbm) of nitrogen. The resultant flue gas from the combustion will contain nitrogen:CH4 + 2O2 + 7.52N2 → CO2 + 2H2O + 7.52N2 + heat

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