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CO2 causes vasodilation of the cerebral artery. The mechanism is pressumed to be due to direct effect of CO2 on the wall of the blood vessels.

Anecdotal/clinical evidence:

In emergency head injury, raised intracranial pressure can be treated by hyperventilating the patient. Hyperventilation reduces the PaCO2 in the blood. This causes vasoconstriction of the cerebral vessels and reduces ICP almost immediately.

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