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Simplified summary:

An (electric) arc is created in a closed Mercury vapor environment, under partial vacuum.

That makes lots of ultra-violet radiation, which excites the inner lining of the tube (typically, a barium salt).

When the atoms of the lining drop into a lower state of excitation, photons of visible light are produced.

See related link for more detail.

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If the ballast on a fluorescent light blows will the lamp still work?

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Related Questions

Can you use fluorescent marker ink as the glow in the dark ink?

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The link shown below to Wikipedia explains pretty well how a compact fluorescent lamp works.


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