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  1. Light IS energy - and is mass-less, thus without substance.
  2. Light is a form of energy, there is no substance that give it energy. It is the energy contained in oscillating electromagnetic fields. It isn't purely electric or magnetic. Electric fields have the property of inducing a corresponding perpendicular magnetic field when they change. And changing magnetic fields similarly produce a perpendicular electric field. These changes in the fields propagate outwards in the form of "electromagnetic waves". So it is more sensible to consider magnetism and electricity as two parts of the same coin.

    James Clerk Maxwell put all the laws of electricity and magnetism together and came up with Maxwell's equations which describe how electricity and magnetism work. Working through his equations he noticed that they implied that electromagnetic waves (in a vacuum) should travel at a constant speed.

    When he plugged in the various electrical and magnetic constants that had been previously carefully measured by experiment he found that within the margin of error of the experiments his calculated speed exactly matched the experimentally measured speed of light. He guessed and said that because of this coincidence that light was an electromagnetic wave.

    By assuming that this was correct great inroads were made in physics, including quantum mechanics and relativity.

    This and later experiments proved this hypothesis to be true. They started in radio, where a conductor has changing electricity producing an obvious electromagnetic wave, then on to microwave which is the same thing but changing at a faster rate, all the way up to infrared and now visible light and beyond into ultraviolet and xrays.

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