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There are different types of volcanism, but for the sake of demonstration, let's look at one type only. Volcanism can occur at convergent plate boundaries where the more dense crustal plate subducts under the less dense plate. Usually , this causes uplift and faulting in the non-subducting crust. Rising magma will find the path of least resistance in the crust, usually at these areas of faulting. Magma can be under tremendous pressure due to the expansion of trapped gasses as it rises. Once it finds an outlet to the surface, look out. It's like shaking up a bottle of soda, then opening the cap. The pressure and temperature of the quickly rising magma tears out chunks of surrounding crustal rock, widening the path leading to the release point.

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