Planets have some heat.
The Earth and other planets retain some residual heat left from the time planets and the Sun were formed four or five billion years ago. In addition, there are some internal sources of heat such as radioactive decay. Earth and other planets also gain heat from the Sun.
Planets lose heat.
Overwhelmingly, the mechanism for heat loss is through radiation of heat. All objects radiate heat in the form of electromagnetic radiation. (One can look up "black body radiation" which is an interesting topic in its own.) For Earth, this is typically characterized as infra-red radiation. The radiation is emitted from the Earth, through the atmosphere and heads out into cold space.
(Space, all the apparent emptiness we see in the night sky, is at a temperature of about 4 degrees Celsius above absolute zero, compared to our temperature of almost 300 degrees above absolute zero. The cooling through radiation of the hot Earth is evident in our daily lives because the cooling we experience at night can be so dramatic. In particular, clouds prevent much infrared radiation from directly escaping. A cloudy night cools several degrees less than a clear night.)
There are complications.
Though there is no question that the Earth loses heat by radiating it into space, the details get complex. There are a lot of complications about how much energy of this sort is absorbed by the atmosphere and that leads to discussions of the Greenhouse Effect, but that can be left to another question. The greenhouse effect is quite real and part of the complex balance of energy incoming and energy radiated that can occupy a long discussion.
The water cycle does not lose energy; it is a continuous process driven by solar energy. When water evaporates from oceans, lakes, and rivers, it gains energy from the sun. This energy fuels the cycle as water vapor rises, condenses, and falls back to Earth as precipitation.
Most substances lose or gain energy when their temperature changes.
Because the temperature is high enough that the thermal energy of a molecule or atom means that its velocity is higher than the escape velocity (about 7 miles/sec for the Earth). For a given energy, velocity2 is proportional to energy/mass.
Alkali metals react faster than alkaline earth metals due to their lower ionization energy and higher reactivity. Alkali metals readily lose their outermost electron to form a +1 cation, making them highly reactive with water and air. Alkaline earth metals, on the other hand, are less reactive as they have higher ionization energies and require more energy to lose their outer electron.
a closed system will not gain or lose mass
what is Earth's primary energy source
That will happen if they lose movement energy - usually due to atmospheric drag, if they are not high enough above Earth.
Animals lose energy simply by existing. The more strenuous the activity they are performing, the more energy they will lose.
The water cycle does not lose energy; it is a continuous process driven by solar energy. When water evaporates from oceans, lakes, and rivers, it gains energy from the sun. This energy fuels the cycle as water vapor rises, condenses, and falls back to Earth as precipitation.
Condensation releases latent heat energy as water vapor transitions into liquid water. This energy is absorbed during evaporation and released during condensation, helping to maintain the earth's energy balance.
Most substances lose or gain energy when their temperature changes.
Lose
thermal energy lost
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It radiates energy into space in the form of electromagnetic energy.
It radiates energy into space in the form of electromagnetic energy.
Tornadoes dissipate and lose their intensity as they move over areas with different atmospheric conditions. They eventually lose their energy and are no longer able to sustain the rotation that characterizes them, leading to their eventual dissipation.