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The application of heat causes an increase in the evaporation rate of a substance because the added thermal energy will "offset" cooling that results from the evaporation. Let's look at this just a bit more closely to get a handle on things by considering water in a pan.

Water molecules in a pan will be bumping around against each other in the liquid. They have some given thermal energy. The molecules tend to "stick together" and stay in the pan in the form of a liquid, but some of the water molecules at the surface will "jump out" or "escape" the liquid and become a vapor. When they do this, they take thermal energy with them in making their change of state from liquid to gas. This is evaporation. The result is that the water in the pan will cool down. Let's jump aside for a moment.

If you wet your finger and blow on it, you can feel your finger cooling down. Or if you get out of a pool and a breeze swirls around you, you immediately feel cooler. Evaporation and cooling in action, and you can't miss the effect. Even a blind person could see what is going on. Now back to the example.

If we consider the water in the pan, we see it cooling down, and this means that the water has less thermal energy in it. Less thermal energy in the water translates into fewer molecules of water at the surface being able to snatch enough thermal energy from the liquid to change state into a gas. The evaporation rate is slowing because the evaporating water strips thermal energy from the remaining water. Add some heat to the bottom of the pan, and this additional thermal energy will "offset" the loss of thermal energy due to evaporation. That heat may very well not only offset heat loss by evaporation, but it may easily add lots of thermal energy to the water and speed up the evaporation process. Think it through and it will make perfect sense.

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15y ago

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