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Breathing is controlled involuntarily by the functions of the brain stem in the autonomic nervous system. So, the brain sends a signal to the lungs to keep breathing. The contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm muscles causes the lungs to expand and contract, resulting in respiration.

When the lungs expand and contract, oxygen flows into the alveoli in the lungs to bring oxygen into the capillaries, so that it can be absorbed to bind with hemoglobin in the blood, and sent throughout the body.

The oxygenated blood travels to the brain via the common carotid arteries, and provides oxygen for oxidative phosphorylation (chemical energy generation) needed by the very active neurons in the brain. During this process of generating NADPH and ATP, carbon dioxide is produced by the Kreb's Cycle, and rebinds with hemoglobin.

Carbon dioxide-rich blood is pumped back to the heart, where it travels back to the lungs, and it exchanged out of the alveoli, through the lungs, and exhaled. l

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The nervous system and the respiratory system are examples of organ systems


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The main systems in the human body that are essential for survival include the respiratory system, circulatory system, nervous system, digestive system, and immune system. These systems work together to maintain homeostasis and support the body's functions to ensure survival.


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The musculoskeletal and nervous systems play crucial roles in facilitating breathing and blinking. The respiratory system relies on the musculoskeletal system, particularly the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, to expand and contract the thoracic cavity, enabling airflow into and out of the lungs. Meanwhile, the nervous system controls these muscle movements through signals from the brain, coordinating the timing and strength of contractions. For blinking, the nervous system triggers the eyelid muscles to close and open in response to stimuli, protecting the eyes and maintaining moisture.


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Related Questions

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