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The structure of antibodies, or immunoglobulins, is characterized by a Y-shaped formation composed of four polypeptide chains: two heavy chains and two light chains. This structure allows for the specific binding of antigens at the variable regions located at the tips of the Y, enabling the immune system to target diverse pathogens. The constant regions of antibodies facilitate interactions with other immune components, aiding in processes like opsonization and complement activation. Thus, the unique structure of antibodies is directly linked to their ability to recognize and neutralize a wide range of foreign substances.

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