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The number of valence electrons in a single group does not change in the s and p block elements, groups 1, 2, 13-17.

However in groups 13 -16 the so-called inert pair effect seems to indicate that the s electrons do not get involved so readiliy in bonding and the heavier elements exhibit a valency 2 less than the lighter members. E.g Gallium has Ga+ ion as well as a Ga3+.

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