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Volcanic ash can have a variety of effects. In some eruptions it can fall like snow, but with different effects. The silica in the ash can be toxic to plants and animals. The weight of the ash can bring down trees and collapse roofs. Large areas can be buried. Over the long term, however, volcanic ash, once weathered, makes very fertile soil. Volcanic ash is also harmful when inhaled and can damage the eyes and lungs. It can clog the engines of cars and aircraft, and can bring down planes in flight. In some eruptions, superheated clouds of ash and gas called pyroclastic flows race down the slopes of a volcano. Anything living caught in such a flow will burn to death. When ash mixes with rain or melted snow and ice it can form mudflows called lahars. These lahars behave like floods, but are denser and more destructive, burying the areas where they come to rest in hardened mud. Lahars can fill in stream beds as well, causing floods.

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