To leave a state and decay to a lower energy state, the electron must lose energy. In metastable states, there are no lower energy state to go to that have strongly allowed transitions (that is simple emission of a photon, diplole transititions) and so the electron must decay by slower, less probable means (like two photon decay, magnetic dipole decay). Hence, it stays in that state for longer.
When an atom is in an excited state, it means that its electrons have absorbed energy and moved to higher energy levels. This can happen through processes like absorbing light or collisions with other particles. The electrons do not stay in this state indefinitely and eventually return to their original, lower energy levels by releasing the absorbed energy in the form of photons.
The time an electron stays in an excited state can vary depending on the specific electron transition and energy level involved. In general, electrons can stay in an excited state for fractions of a second to several hours before returning to a lower energy level by emitting a photon of light.
Bonds between atoms stay together due to the attraction created by sharing or transferring of electrons. This attraction is due to electrostatic forces, where opposite charges (positive nuclei and negative electrons) attract each other. The stronger the bond, the closer the atoms are bound together.
It depends. From the given information about the number of protons, we can be sure that we are talking about potassium. The number of neutrons in this case won't matter. If the question emphasizes "atom" then we can be sure that the particle is neutral. Then we know that for the particle to be neutral, it has to have the same number of electrons as protons. However, potassium will not stay neutral for long if given a chance. It will lose an electron when bonding with others, to eventually have 18.
There are several opportunities to excite electrons within an atom or a molecule. The energies to excite a single electron in an atom start at roughly 10-19J, which is approximately the energy of red light. Though, electrons can also be excited by any energies above roughly 10-25J (radar waves), dependent on the material. This also includes thermal excitation. For example, any material that glows does emit light, which is caused by excited electrons that fall back into a non-excited state. However, the usual source of energy used to excite electrons is electromagnetic radiation between 200 and 700 nm, which is ultraviolet and visible light. This is the predominant energy range that excites electrons in atoms and molecules without splitting the electrons apart of those. Thus, the colour of materials is (amongst other things) a result of the electron excitation, caused by partial absorption of light. (Please also follow the provided links for more details.)
In lasers, a metastable state is a state in which atoms or molecules are in an excited state with a longer-than-normal lifetime before emitting a photon and returning to a lower energy state. This allows for the accumulation of a population inversion necessary for laser action.
The sub zero liquid state is an achievable metastable state with an energy level between that of the gas and solid. Subzero water in this metastable state is said to be super-cooled. In the temperature range 0c to -40c the supercooling phenomenon is prevalent. Reference: See the related link below.
YES
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No.
When an atom is in an excited state, it means that its electrons have absorbed energy and moved to higher energy levels. This can happen through processes like absorbing light or collisions with other particles. The electrons do not stay in this state indefinitely and eventually return to their original, lower energy levels by releasing the absorbed energy in the form of photons.
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The time an electron stays in an excited state can vary depending on the specific electron transition and energy level involved. In general, electrons can stay in an excited state for fractions of a second to several hours before returning to a lower energy level by emitting a photon of light.