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Ill tell you the method to find it out. First take the atomic number of potassium. Its 19. Now by Bohr's model the K shell can accommodate a maximum of 2, then 8 then 18 and so on. Now divide the 19 electrons among these shells so 2 in the first shell and 8 in the second shell.Now we have 9 more. So 8 more again in the 3rd shell (for accomplishing stability through the octet system) and then finally the last one on the last shell. So we have 1 valence shell electron.

Apart from this we have a more mordernized theory consisting of the orbital model of an atom which was developed thanks to quantum theory.

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