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What are the products of the light reaction and how they formed?
The products of the light reaction are ATP, NADPH, and oxygen. These molecules are formed through the process of photophosphorylation in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. Water is split into oxygen, protons, and electrons, providing the electrons needed to generate ATP and NADPH.
In the Calvin cycle ATP and NADPH are used to make glucose. What is the source of the ATP and NADPH?
In the Calvin cycle, ATP and NADPH are generated during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. These reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, where light energy is captured and used to split water molecules, releasing oxygen and producing ATP and NADPH through electron transport chains. The ATP provides the energy, while NADPH supplies the reducing power needed for the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide.
How many ATP molecules are needed to split glucose into two?
This is only half of the picture! In glycolysis only two ATP's are produced because when glucose is converted to Glucose 6-phosphate, hexokinase requires ATP (first step). On the third step of glycolysis when fructose 6-phosphate gets converted by phosphofructokinase(PFK) into fructo 1,6-biphosphate it als requires ATP. As of now you have used 2 ATP molecules. after the splitting into glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate you start producing ATP when you convert 1,3-biphosphoglycerate into 3- phosphoglycerate, for a total of 2 ATP ( because you have two molecules of 1,3 biphophoglycerate). You also gain 2 more ATP's on the final step converting phosphoenolpyruvate into pyruvate (because you have 2 molecules of Phosphenolpyruvate) In summation, you use 2 molecule but you gain 4 molecules which means thay you ultimately have 2 ATP at the end of glycolysis.(2-4=2) but if you keep looking glycolysis produces 2 NADH (for the electron transport chain) and 2 pyruvate molecules for Krebs cycle. The transition step makes 2 NADH when converting pyruvate into Acetyl-Coenzyme A. Also, it produces 2 NADH from the conversion of D-isocitrate into alpha- ketogluterate and again from alpha-ketogluterate into succinyl-Coenzyme A. and finally when convertin Malate into Ox aloacetate. for a total of 6 NADH Also 2 GTP's are produced by the conversion of succinyl-Coenzyme A into succinate. finally, you also produce 2 FADH molecules. Now all the FADH and NADH go to the ETC This is where the brunt of the energy is made. Each FADH molecule produces 2 ATP and each NADH produces 3 ATP... this added witht the glycolysis ATP equals 36 ATP produced by a single molecule of Glucose. (10NADH(3ATP) +2 FADH(2ATP)+ 2 ATP)
Is water split in the thylakoid space?
Yes, during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, water molecules are split in the thylakoid space by an enzyme called water-splitting complex or Photosystem II. This process releases oxygen, electrons, and protons that are used in the production of ATP and NADPH.
What is ATP what is its function?
ATP is known as Adenosine TriPhosphate. Hence the abbreviation ATP. ATP is produced by the ribosome in a cell. ATP is energy for the cell.
ATP is what kind of agent in almost all metabolic pathways?
ATP is the immediate source of energy for many processes in cells.In many cases the energy is released as ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). In some instances ATP is split into AMP and pyrophosphate, which may subsequently be itself split into two phosphate groups, with the release of a further packet of energy.
The energy from photons hitting photosystem 2 is used to produce what?
ATP
How many ATP are produced in the preparatory stage of glycolysis?
Two ATP molecules are produced in the preparatory stage of glycolysis. This occurs when glucose is split into two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
At what stage in the cross-bridge cycle is ATP split into ADP and Pi?
ATP is split into ADP and Pi during the cocking stage of the cross-bridge cycle, which is also known as the power stroke preparation phase. This occurs after myosin heads bind to actin and prior to the power stroke.
What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule?
Hydrolysis reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule. Water is used to split the phosphate groups from the ATP, releasing energy.
What is the function of phosphocreatinine?
It is an important source of energy, usually found in our muscles. Produces phosphate and creatine and releases energy used to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP). When split, ATP provides energy for muscle cell function.
What statement describes what happens with ATP during glycolysis?
During glycolysis, ATP is both consumed and produced. Two molecules of ATP are consumed in the initial steps of glycolysis to activate the glucose molecule. However, four molecules of ATP are then produced during the later steps, resulting in a net gain of two ATP molecules per glucose molecule metabolized.
What are the products of the light reaction and how they formed?
The products of the light reaction are ATP, NADPH, and oxygen. These molecules are formed through the process of photophosphorylation in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. Water is split into oxygen, protons, and electrons, providing the electrons needed to generate ATP and NADPH.
Which has more energy ATP or AMP?
ATP.You can think of the energy as being stored in the bonds between phosphate groups. ATP has the structureadenine - ribose - phosphate - phosphate -phosphateAMP is similar, but has only one phosphate group attached to ribose. So in ATP there are two high-energy bonds linking the extra two phosphate groups to AMP.When ATP is split (hydrolyzed) in the cell, one of two things happens:# Energy is released, a free phosphate group detaches, and ADP remains. # Energy is released, a free pyrophosphate group (P-P) detaches, and AMP remains. In this case the pyrophosphate may itself be split, releasing another packet of energy.
In the Calvin cycle ATP and NADPH are used to make glucose. What is the source of the ATP and NADPH?
In the Calvin cycle, ATP and NADPH are generated during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. These reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, where light energy is captured and used to split water molecules, releasing oxygen and producing ATP and NADPH through electron transport chains. The ATP provides the energy, while NADPH supplies the reducing power needed for the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide.
What is the molecule that's split in the photosynthesis to provide electrons?
H20 is split into H2 and 02. The 02 (oxygen) leaves the plant through the stroma, and the H2 (hydrogen) goes through ATP synthase to become ADP and then another phosphate group is added for it to become ATP.
What statement describes what happen s with the ATP during glycolysis?
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. ATP is used to phosphorylate glucose and fructose-6-phosphate, converting them into more reactive intermediates. Later, ATP is synthesized via substrate-level phosphorylation when phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate. Overall, glycolysis results in a net production of two ATP molecules.
