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In a Mercator chart, distance is measured using the scale factor, which varies based on latitude. The projection maintains straight lines for navigation, but distances between points are distorted, especially as one moves away from the equator. To accurately measure distances, navigators often use tools like dividers or a ruler in conjunction with the chart's scale, taking into account the increasing distortion at higher latitudes. Thus, while the chart provides a useful navigation tool, adjustments must be made for precise distance calculations.

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