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Most Helium is derived from natural gas. Helium is formed as a by product of radioactive decay in underground rocks. Alpha radiation is composed of Helium nucleii and having grabbed some spare electrons becomes the stable gas in these underground gas domes.

Hydrogen and Helium gases will leak into outer space if released into the atmosphere and it is therefore pointless in trying to recover it from the air.

Natural gas is progressively refrigerated and as it cools various elements within it boil off at lower and lower temperatures.

Heike Kammerling Onnes was first to reach 4 degrees Kelvin(-269 degrees C) when Helium become a liquid in the late 19th century. Diffusion pumps are used to lower the pressure above the gas and then allowed to boil off. If you boil water at the summit of Mount Everest the water will never get higher than about 90 degrees centigrade before it boils because of the low air pressure at 29,000 feet.

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No. It takes a combination of pressure and temperature to liquefy some gases. Hydrogen and helium were the last gases to be liquefied and that was with pressure and extremely low temperature.


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