How is indirect active transport happen?

Answer 1

Indirect active transport, also known as secondary active transport, occurs when the movement of one substance across a membrane is coupled with the movement of another substance, driven by the gradient established by primary active transport. For example, while primary active transport uses ATP to pump ions like sodium out of a cell, the resulting sodium gradient can facilitate the transport of glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient. This process utilizes the energy stored in the ion gradient rather than direct ATP consumption. Essentially, the energy from one substance's movement helps drive the transport of another.