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What is the average hardness of a bottle of water?

The hardness of bottled water can vary widely depending on the source. Typically, bottled water has a low to moderate level of hardness, with most falling within the range of 20-100 mg/L of calcium carbonate equivalents. It's best to check the specific water quality report provided by the bottling company for accurate hardness levels.


What salts can cause hardness of water?

calcium and magnesium


Why is CaCO3 taken as reference to measure hardness of water?

CaCO3 is used as a reference for measuring water hardness because it is a common mineral that exhibits hardness properties in water. It provides a consistent basis for comparison across different sources of water. Additionally, using CaCO3 as a reference simplifies the calculation and reporting of water hardness levels.


If a few drops of HCl spilled over into the CaCO3 sample error in the reported percent CaCO3 will result from this poor laboratory technique?

Yes, if HCl (hydrochloric acid) spilled into the CaCO3 sample, a chemical reaction will occur. This will alter the mass of CaCO3 present in the sample, leading to an error in the reported percent CaCO3 due to the loss of some CaCO3 in the reaction with HCl.


What is the name of the complexing agent used to determine the total hardness?

caco3


What is the full name of the complexing agent used to determine the total hardness?

caco3


How do you Calculate the total hardness of water sample that contains ppm magnesium and ppm calcium?

Answer will be (mg/L) as CaCO3 units of ppm are the same as mg/L. Hardness = 2.5(mg Ca/L) + 4.1(mg Mg/L) In this case: 2.5x78.4 + 4.1x104.5 = 624.45 mg/L


Why hardness is always calculated in terms of caco3?

Hard water is a mixture of calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate, sulphate, chloride, etc. Hardness of water is expressed in units of mg CaCO3 / L as if all calcium and magnesium were formed as CaCO3. This unit is how many mg of CaCO3 would precipitate per liter of hard water.


Why standardization of EDTA solution is necessary?

Standardization of EDTA solution is necessary to accurately determine its concentration, which ensures precise and consistent results in complexometric titrations. It allows for the calculation of the exact amount of analyte present in a sample. This process is essential in analytical chemistry to minimize errors and ensure the reliability of experimental data.


How do you convert magnesium hardness as CaCo3 to Mg2 as CaCo3?

Multiply Calcium Hardness mg/L as Ca-CO3 by 0.4 to get Calcium in mg/l.Multiply Calcium in mg/l by 2.5 to get mg/l Calcium Hardness as Ca-Co3.*ppm uses the same equation


How many moles of CaCO3 is 73.4kg?

To find the number of moles in 73.4 kg of CaCO3, we first need to calculate the molar mass of CaCO3. The molar mass of CaCO3 is 100.09 g/mol. Converting 73.4 kg to grams gives 73,400 g. Dividing 73,400 g by the molar mass of CaCO3 gives approximately 733 moles.


How do you calculate the alkalinity?

Alkalinity can be calculated by titrating a water sample with a strong acid until the pH reaches a specific endpoint. The amount of acid required to reach this endpoint is used to determine the concentration of alkalinity in the water sample. Typically, alkalinity is expressed in units of milligrams per liter (mg/L) of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).