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Landforms are formed via a number of different processes.

Tectonic activity: mountains and volcanoes including volcanic islands, rifts, sea floor, etc.

Erosion: e.g. wave action creating coastal landforms like bays, sea cliffs, wave-cut platforms, caves, stacks, etc.

Deposition: beaches, deltas, sandbars, etc.

And many more, but basically by tectonic activity, erosion, and deposition, usually in various combinations, like a mesa formed by tectonic activity uplifting the land and erosion of the newly exposed strata shaping it.

There are also biological activities, like the creation of coral reefs.

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8y ago

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