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A very long time, hundreds of millions of years. Ordinary pollen had to wait for the evolution of flowering plants, around 200 - 245 million years ago (Mya). But reproductive spores are known from much longer ago than that.

Palynology is the study of these remnants of ancient plants, and some sporangium are known from the Silurian. Ferns evolved in the next geological period, the Devonian, and there are ample specimens of fern spores from this period.

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How long does bee pollen last What is it's shelf life for dried opis mallifics?"


Why do plants survive and grow even if pollen grains are cut off?

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