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Germanium (Ge) has four valence electrons and can form four bonds by sharing these electrons. In its most common oxidation state, +4, germanium typically forms four covalent bonds with other atoms, resulting in no lone pairs. However, in certain compounds or coordination complexes, it can exhibit lone pairs depending on its hybridization and bonding environment.

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2d ago

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When Ge binds to the two Cl, 2 single (sigma) bonds are created, resulting in a Lewis structure with: .. .. .. :Cl-Ge-Cl: .. .. Since the Ge is surrounded by three things (two atoms and a lone pair), a trigonal planar shape is expected. This creates sp2 hybridization. sp2 hybridization results in trigonal planar shapes, but because a lone pair takes up more space than bound atoms, the shape is bent or irregular. Though I don't know the exact nomenclature for this shape, I would call it bent or irregular trigonal planar (atom bond angles < 120 degrees).


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