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How do you plant paulownia trees using carbon dioxide emission credits?
Any Carbon offset credit project involves a great deal of time, work and expertise. Revenue from Carbon offset credit sales can go towards a Paulownia plantation, but since certification can take 5 years to achieve, some upfront capital is required to start the planting. You will need to conduct a great deal of research before starting the project and have a Carbon expert working with you. One existing Paulownia plantation that is applying for Carbon offset credits is the Princess Project Panama
What is the carbon footprint of a photovoltaic cell?
One current estimate is 35 to 58 g CO2e/kWh (this is explained in the last paragraph of this answer). Another estimate at the link cited below says 23.6 g CO2e/kWh for thin film CdTe cells. This compares to 25 to 80 for biomass, 3 to 10 for hydro, and about 5 to 15 for wind. I have often seen huge differences in estimates of the carbon footprint of nuclear power, ranging from 2 to 288 g CO2e/kWh. It seems that the actual number is probably more than 66 g CO2e/kWh, and very possibly more than 90.PV technology is changing rapidly, both for the actual PV and for the manufacture of PVs. The above estimate is not for thin-film PVs, and these promise to have a much smaller carbon footprint. Also, the estimate given is for PVs that are 5% efficient in producing power, and increases in power output will decrease the carbon footprint. Current PVs are mostly considerably more efficient, and at 7.5% efficiency, the carbon footprint is cut to 23 to 39 g CO2e/kWh. New, gadolinium-based PV technologies are said to be as high as 40% efficient, but I have not seen any estimates of their carbon footprints and could not guess, because I do not know how they are manufactured.By the way, thermal solar power, such as is used in solar hot water, is about 60 to 65% efficient, and has much lower cost, in terms of global warming gasses, than PVs. It has a carbon footprint that might even be smaller than wind's.The carbon footprint is calculated in grams of CO2 equivalent per kilowatt hour (g CO2e/kWh). Properly, this includes all phases of manufacture of equipment and fuel, transportation, installation, operation, and disposal. Calculations are often deceptive because steps are left out for some technologies, notably the decommissioning and disposal steps are often left out in calculation of carbon footprints for nuclear power. The "equivalent" part happens because of global warming gasses other than CO2. For example, the nitrogen trifluoried used in manufacture of photovoltaic panels is about 17,000 times as powerful as CO2 for global warming, so an estimate of the amount leaking into the environment from the manufacturing process has to be included.
How dinosaur footprint turn into fossils?
by mud and hundred years and it will turn to stone.
How has the amount of carbon dioixde became less over the years?
The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been increasing steadily due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Efforts to reduce carbon dioxide emissions include transitioning to renewable energy sources, increasing energy efficiency, and reforestation. However, these efforts have not been enough to offset the overall increase in carbon dioxide levels.
What does it mean to say that algae fuel is carbon neutral?
Carbon neutral means that algae fuel does not affect the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Algae takes in carbon dioxide as it grows, then, when the fuel is burnt, this same carbon dioxide is released. No increase, just exactly the same amount. This is why biofuel is so much better than fossil fuel which releases carbon that had been hidden underground for millions of years, so adding to the levels in the atmosphere.
How do you plant paulownia trees using carbon dioxide emission credits?
Any Carbon offset credit project involves a great deal of time, work and expertise. Revenue from Carbon offset credit sales can go towards a Paulownia plantation, but since certification can take 5 years to achieve, some upfront capital is required to start the planting. You will need to conduct a great deal of research before starting the project and have a Carbon expert working with you. One existing Paulownia plantation that is applying for Carbon offset credits is the Princess Project Panama
Why is the recycling of carbon necessary?
It is necessary in order to reduce our planetary 'carbon footprint' by as much as humanly possible. Carbon that we release from biomass can (theoretically) be absorbed back into the plants that make up the biomass. Carbon that we take from deep in the ground and release into the air is in the environment for thousands or millions of years unless we take specific steps to gather and contain it.
Do footprint last on earth for more than 30 years?
Depending on the environment, it may be possible for a footprint to last more than 30 years. If an environment is exposed to consistent changes and elements, such as rain, wind, etc., then it is just about impossible for a footprint to last that long. In an environment where virtually no elements are present, in a cave for instance, then it could be possible for a footprint to last that long.
What is the carbon footprint of a photovoltaic cell?
One current estimate is 35 to 58 g CO2e/kWh (this is explained in the last paragraph of this answer). Another estimate at the link cited below says 23.6 g CO2e/kWh for thin film CdTe cells. This compares to 25 to 80 for biomass, 3 to 10 for hydro, and about 5 to 15 for wind. I have often seen huge differences in estimates of the carbon footprint of nuclear power, ranging from 2 to 288 g CO2e/kWh. It seems that the actual number is probably more than 66 g CO2e/kWh, and very possibly more than 90.PV technology is changing rapidly, both for the actual PV and for the manufacture of PVs. The above estimate is not for thin-film PVs, and these promise to have a much smaller carbon footprint. Also, the estimate given is for PVs that are 5% efficient in producing power, and increases in power output will decrease the carbon footprint. Current PVs are mostly considerably more efficient, and at 7.5% efficiency, the carbon footprint is cut to 23 to 39 g CO2e/kWh. New, gadolinium-based PV technologies are said to be as high as 40% efficient, but I have not seen any estimates of their carbon footprints and could not guess, because I do not know how they are manufactured.By the way, thermal solar power, such as is used in solar hot water, is about 60 to 65% efficient, and has much lower cost, in terms of global warming gasses, than PVs. It has a carbon footprint that might even be smaller than wind's.The carbon footprint is calculated in grams of CO2 equivalent per kilowatt hour (g CO2e/kWh). Properly, this includes all phases of manufacture of equipment and fuel, transportation, installation, operation, and disposal. Calculations are often deceptive because steps are left out for some technologies, notably the decommissioning and disposal steps are often left out in calculation of carbon footprints for nuclear power. The "equivalent" part happens because of global warming gasses other than CO2. For example, the nitrogen trifluoried used in manufacture of photovoltaic panels is about 17,000 times as powerful as CO2 for global warming, so an estimate of the amount leaking into the environment from the manufacturing process has to be included.
What is the lifetime of a steam-powered turbine?
The lifetime of a steam-powered turbine is approximately fifty years. However, it generally depends on the upkeep and maintenance put into the turbine to keep it working.
How long does it take to build a wind turbine?
3.5 years
How long it take to build a wind turbine?
3.5 years
How dinosaur footprint turn into fossils?
by mud and hundred years and it will turn to stone.
What is the offset on a Subaru forester?
I can tell you the offset of the 2004 Subaru Forester XT that one is +48mm and several other years follow that offset forward and before. I don't know when Subaru changed it but I hear it has changed.
How old is the oldest known footprint of any animal?
570 million years old
How long does an astronaut's footprint stay on the moon?
I think it's forever or millions of years
How long can a wind turbine generate electricity?
20-25 years
