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Sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) make sodium chloride (NaCl), or salt.

The metal cation Na transfers one of its electrons to nonmetal anion Cl to achieve noble gas electron configuration for both ions. Sodium, which usually has one valence electron when neutrally charged, would lose it to have full lower level valence electron shell, while chlorine, which usually has 7 valence electrons when neutrally charged, would gain sodium's electron to have complete its current valence electron shell.

Since the Na atom would then have a positive charge for having 11 protons but 10 electrons while the Cl atom would be negatively charged because of its 17 protons but 18 electrons, their opposite charges attract each other together, forming a lattice structure of sodium and chlorine atoms strongly bonded together in sort of an ABABAB pattern.

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