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The ice from the last Ice Age began to melt around 16,000 years ago. After some gradual warming over several thousands of years there was suddenly a reversion to a short sharp mini Ice Age that scientists call the Younger Dryas. This event occurred sometime around the 10th and 9th millennia BCE. Greenland's ice cores showed a further mini Ice Age, again marked by very cold and dry conditions, that had begun approximately 6200 BCE and had lasted to around 5800 BCE. This is consistent with the finding that sometime around 6000 BCE there appears to have been a drying-out around the Mediterranean region and whole areas were abandoned.

Around 5000 BCE (7,000 years ago), average temperatures reached a level little different to those experienced at the beginning of the twentieth century. Sea levels, having risen around 120-130 metres since the last Ice Age, were now consistent with modern levels. The previously abandoned areas were becoming repopulated, so the earlier drying climate seems to have reversed.

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