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This is what the dictionary on Yahoo says about "meteor":

ETYMOLOGY:

Middle English metheour, atmospheric phenomenon, from Old French meteore, from Medieval Latin meterum, from Greek meteron, astronomical phenomenon, from neuter of meteros, high in the air : meta-, meta- + -oros, lifted akin to eirein, to lift up; see wer-1 in Indo-European roots

It is from this word that we get "meterology" as the study of weather.

It was many years of observation before it was realized that the "atmosphereic phenomenon" of a meteor (the tell-tale streak across the sky) was actually caused by falling space debris, rather than something like a lightning bolt. Once the connection was made, the fallen rocks were dubbed "meteors". A meteorite is simply a variation, typically referring to a "smaller" meteor or sometimes the rock itself.

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