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In humans, independent assortment occurs during meiosis, when the 23 pairs of chromosomes divide into 46 individual chromosomes, and 1 chromosome from each of the 23 pairs goes on to form a gamete (haploid cell) which can then be fertilised to produce offspring. The assortment is "independent" because each of the 23 chromosomes that go on to form a gamete can be from either chromosome within a "pair" - ie the 23 pairs of chromosomes are not linked together in any way when it comes to meiosis. This means that a large number of combinations of genetic material is possible - introducing a random result in the gamete.

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