If pH increases, then the solution is less protonated. The pH of a solution is defined as -log[H+], so when the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the pH decreases.
No, group 1 elements become more metallic as atomic number increases. This is because as you move down the group, the number of electron shells increases, leading to greater shielding of the valence electrons and a decrease in effective nuclear charge, which promotes metallic behavior.
Reactivity generally increases down a group of atoms. This is because as you move down the group, the atomic radius increases and the valence electrons become further from the nucleus. As a result, the valence electrons are less strongly attracted to the nucleus, making them more easily available for bond formation and chemical reactions.
Elements tend to become more metallic as you go down a group. This is because as you move down a group, the number of electron shells increases, resulting in weaker attraction between the nucleus and the outermost electrons, making it easier for the atoms to lose electrons and show metallic properties.
The internal energy of the item increases, and the molecules become less ordered.
The reactivity of Group 7 halogens decreases as you move down the column from fluorine to iodine. This is because atomic size increases down the group, leading to weaker intermolecular forces of attraction between atoms. As a result, it becomes harder for the halogens to gain an extra electron and they become less reactive.
Yes, if the pH is less than the pKa, the compound will be protonated.
No, group 1 elements become more metallic as atomic number increases. This is because as you move down the group, the number of electron shells increases, leading to greater shielding of the valence electrons and a decrease in effective nuclear charge, which promotes metallic behavior.
In acidic medium, the hydroxyl group of the tertiary alcohol can be protonated, making it easier to lose a proton and form a carbocation intermediate, which is more stable due to hyperconjugation. This facilitates the oxidation process compared to in neutral or alkaline medium where the hydroxyl group is not protonated and the carbocation intermediate is less stable.
Because there is less air above, pushing down.
Reactivity generally increases down a group of atoms. This is because as you move down the group, the atomic radius increases and the valence electrons become further from the nucleus. As a result, the valence electrons are less strongly attracted to the nucleus, making them more easily available for bond formation and chemical reactions.
Elements tend to become more metallic as you go down a group. This is because as you move down a group, the number of electron shells increases, resulting in weaker attraction between the nucleus and the outermost electrons, making it easier for the atoms to lose electrons and show metallic properties.
As you go down a group on the periodic table, elements generally become more metallic. This is because the number of electron shells increases down the group, leading to greater distance between the nucleus and the outer electrons. As a result, the outer electrons are less strongly attracted to the nucleus, making the elements more metallic.
The solubility of Group 1 sulphates generally increases down the group, as the ionic size increases, leading to weaker ionic bonding. In contrast, the solubility of Group 2 sulphates decreases as you move down the group due to the increased lattice energy resulting from higher charge density and stronger ionic bonding.
Halogens become less reactive as you go down the group. This is because atomic size increases down the group, making it more difficult for the larger atoms to gain electrons and react with other substances. Conversely, smaller halogen atoms are more reactive because they can more easily gain electrons and form bonds with other elements.
The internal energy of the item increases, and the molecules become less ordered.
If the mass of a fixed volume of air increases, the density of the air becomes more dense. Density is defined as mass divided by volume, so as the mass increases while the volume remains constant, the density increases.
When ammonia is protonated, it forms ammonium ion (NH4+). Since ammonium ion is acidic, the pH value will depend on its concentration. However, in pure water, the pH would be less than 7 due to the presence of NH4+ ions.