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There are two main reasons why the lagging strand is synthesized in a discontinuous manner. One you would need to have triphosphates on the 3' side of nuclesoside (3'-dNTPs) when "proofing" the strand, this would require an evolving of an entirely different set of enzymes to make 3'-dNTPs, as well as to use them. Two, you would need to have polymerases that can add a 5'-dNTP to a 5' end of a growing chain, and this is chemically unfavored due to the ease of repairing DNA errors by the 3' exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase.
For the first reason, when DNA polymerase is "proof-reading" it removes an incorrect nucleotide and leaves a 3' OH. If this were the lagging strand, removal of a base would leave a 5' phosphate. Next, for addition of the correct nucleotide, a 5' phosphate bond would be cleaved to add to the 3' OH, this is a high-energy bond that is cleaved, which provides energy for polymerization. If it were the 5' phosphate, the addition would be of the 3'OH on the correct nucleotide. This would be a very slow process because there is no high-energy bond to be cleaved for addition of the 3'OH to the 5' phosphate.
For the second reason, a whole new set of polymerases would have to be made because currently, the 5' dNTPs are added to the 5' triphosphate of the 3'OH on the growing strand. If you were to synthesize in the 3-5 direction, the 3'OH on the 5' dNTP would be added to the 5' triphosphate on the growing end.
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Why does replication of DNA behind at one end and end at another?
DNA replication occurs in a bidirectional manner, starting from a specific region called the origin of replication. The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the direction of the replication fork, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short segments called Okazaki fragments, which are later joined together. This difference arises because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction, necessitating a different approach for each strand as the fork unwinds.
What are leading strands?
the two strand are antiparallel and the new strand must be formed on the old(parent) strand in opposite directions one of the new strand is formed as a continuous occur in long chain in the 5'_3' directions on 3'_5' strand of dna this is called the leading strand..
How does DNA replication compare in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
DNA replication in prokaryotes occurs in the cytoplasm and typically begins at a single origin of replication, resulting in the simultaneous replication of both strands in a bidirectional manner. In contrast, eukaryotes replicate their DNA in the nucleus, utilizing multiple origins of replication along linear chromosomes, which allows for faster replication of larger genomes. Additionally, eukaryotic replication involves more complex machinery and regulatory mechanisms, including histone modifications and telomere maintenance, compared to the simpler process in prokaryotes. Overall, while the fundamental process of DNA replication is similar, the organizational and regulatory differences reflect the complexity of eukaryotic cells.
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases associated with DNA replication?
The four nitrogenous bases associated with DNA replication are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). They pair up in a specific manner - adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine - during the process of DNA replication to ensure accurate copying of genetic information.
Why does DNA replication have to be in an anti-parallel direction?
DNA replication occurs in an anti-parallel direction because the DNA helix is composed of two strands running in opposite directions. This ensures that the new DNA strand is synthesized in a continuous manner without interruptions. The anti-parallel arrangement allows for the complementary base pairing that is necessary for accurate replication.
What is the significance of the 3' to 5' directionality in DNA replication and how does it impact the synthesis of new DNA strands?
The 3' to 5' directionality in DNA replication is significant because DNA polymerase can only add new nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing DNA strand. This means that DNA replication occurs in a continuous manner on one strand (leading strand) and in a discontinuous manner on the other strand (lagging strand), resulting in the formation of Okazaki fragments. These fragments are later joined together by DNA ligase to form a complete new DNA strand.
Why does replication of DNA behind at one end and end at another?
DNA replication occurs in a bidirectional manner, starting from a specific region called the origin of replication. The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the direction of the replication fork, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short segments called Okazaki fragments, which are later joined together. This difference arises because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction, necessitating a different approach for each strand as the fork unwinds.
What is lagging on Metal Gear Solid 4?
Lagging is a gaming term that refers to a slow internet connection. When your or other people's characters seem to stop in place, then appear several steps ahead, that is when you know you are lagging. This happens because your internet connection is too slow to update the game in a timely manner.
What are leading strands?
the two strand are antiparallel and the new strand must be formed on the old(parent) strand in opposite directions one of the new strand is formed as a continuous occur in long chain in the 5'_3' directions on 3'_5' strand of dna this is called the leading strand..
What is the role of the leading strand in DNA replication?
The leading strand in DNA replication serves as a template for the continuous synthesis of a new complementary strand of DNA. It is replicated in a continuous manner by DNA polymerase, allowing for efficient and accurate replication of the entire DNA molecule.
What is the significance of the 5' to 3' directionality in DNA replication and how does it impact the synthesis of new DNA strands?
The 5' to 3' directionality in DNA replication is significant because DNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for building new DNA strands, can only add nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction. This means that the new DNA strand is synthesized in a continuous manner on one strand (leading strand) and in short fragments on the other strand (lagging strand). This impacts the synthesis of new DNA strands by ensuring that the genetic information is accurately copied and maintained during cell division.
How does the ssb protein facilitate and regulate the process of DNA replication?
The ssb protein helps in DNA replication by binding to single-stranded DNA, protecting it from damage and preventing it from forming secondary structures. This allows other proteins involved in replication to access the DNA and carry out the process efficiently. Additionally, ssb protein helps regulate the replication process by interacting with other proteins and enzymes involved in DNA replication, ensuring that it occurs accurately and in a coordinated manner.
How does DNA replication compare in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
DNA replication in prokaryotes occurs in the cytoplasm and typically begins at a single origin of replication, resulting in the simultaneous replication of both strands in a bidirectional manner. In contrast, eukaryotes replicate their DNA in the nucleus, utilizing multiple origins of replication along linear chromosomes, which allows for faster replication of larger genomes. Additionally, eukaryotic replication involves more complex machinery and regulatory mechanisms, including histone modifications and telomere maintenance, compared to the simpler process in prokaryotes. Overall, while the fundamental process of DNA replication is similar, the organizational and regulatory differences reflect the complexity of eukaryotic cells.
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases associated with DNA replication?
The four nitrogenous bases associated with DNA replication are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). They pair up in a specific manner - adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine - during the process of DNA replication to ensure accurate copying of genetic information.
Do you Think The way a planets moons form is similar to or different from the way the planets formed around the sun?
Obviously they formed in the same manner...Gravity is Gravity!
What is the adverb formed from collaborating?
The adverb formed from "collaborating" is "collaboratively." It describes the manner in which an action is performed, emphasizing cooperation and joint effort among individuals or groups.
During replication what is the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase?
DNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides in a complementary manner to the existing template DNA strand during replication. It also proofreads and corrects errors in the newly synthesized DNA strand, ensuring accuracy of the genetic information.
