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In a covalent bond, a pair of electrons is shared equally between two atoms. In an ionic bond, one atom gives its electron to the other atom, causing one of the two atoms to become positively charged and the other to become negatively charged. These two atoms are then attracted to each other because of their opposite charges. In most bonds, the electrons are somewhere between purely covalent and purely ionic, so that the electrons are not completely transferred, but they are shared unequally between the two atoms.

The degree to which the electron is unequally shared or transferred is based on the difference in electronegativity for the two atoms. The greater the electronegativity difference, the more unequally an electron is shared. If the electronegativity difference is greater than 2.7, it is considered to be an ionic bond. However, covalent bonds that have an electronegativity difference of greater than 0.4 are considered polar covalent, that is, covalent bonds with a slightly ionic character.

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16y ago

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