The electrical potential difference across a cell membrane (the resting potential) is around -65 mV, inside negative.
In nerve cells (neurones) or muscle cells this potential difference is reversed during an action potential. Sodium (Na+) channels open and Na+ ions enter the cell down their concentration gradient. This entry of positive charge depolarises the membrane ie it cancels out the resting pootential and then reverses it, so the potential becomes positive inside and negative outside, giving a potential of about +50mV.
The neutral atom of potassium has the largest radius.
Na+ is smaller than Na.
aldosterone
Na2S
sodium
Na+ and Cl- are spectator ions.
The membrane potential that occurs due to the influx of Na+ through chemically gated channels in the receptive region of a neuron is called the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). This influx of Na+ leads to depolarization of the neuron, bringing it closer to the threshold for generating an action potential. EPSPs can summate to trigger an action potential if they reach the threshold potential.
Na+is bigger
Na+-K+ ATPase
Na+ plus OH- plus H+ equals H2O plus Na+ plus Cl-
The neutral atom of potassium has the largest radius.
Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide yield salt and water H+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH- --> Na+ + Cl- + H2OComment:In solutions you better leave unchanged ions ( Cl- and Na+) out of the balanced equation: called to be 'tribune ions' (people on the tribune don't take part in the 'match'):H+ + OH- --> H2O This looks simpler than: H+ + Cl - + Na + + OH- --> Na + + Cl - + H2O
The net ionic equation for the given reaction is H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) → H2O (l)
binding to Na+ carrier proteins
In the reaction involving Na⁺, OH⁻, Cl⁻, and H₂O, the spectator ions are Na⁺ and Cl⁻. These ions do not participate in the chemical reaction; they remain unchanged in the solution. The key species that participate in the reaction are OH⁻ and H₂O, which can combine to form water or other products depending on the context.
Na+ is smaller than Na.
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