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HCl is polar (covalent), because the electron from the H only spends most of its time around the Cl nuclei, (H-es need an electron too,) whereas the Na in NaCl - an ionic compound - would prefer to lose its valence electron and become a positive ion. hydrogen is weird and an exception, because when neutral it only uses its innermost shell and would not be stable as just a (positive) proton and (neutral) neutron with no (negative) electrons whatsoever. Na does use its other shells, so can just fall back on their electrons to remain stable and balanced. now that we've established that a complete electron transfer is not going on in the case of HCl, we know that the H will sustain a slight positive charge, and Cl will sustain a slight negative one, making the compound polar. (we also know that it is not nonpolar because the electronegativity difference is greater than 1.6- data that will be on any complete and up to date Periodic Table)

I don't have any complete sources, just a decent understanding of chemistry, but I did not reach this conclusion by research, i reached it by deduction.

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15y ago

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