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Blood agar is a bacterial growth medium which contains 5% sheep's blood. It is considered to be differential but not selective, because it is an enriched medium that provides a rich nutrient environment for many types of bacteria, while a selective medium supports the growth of certain types of bacteria but inhibits other types.

Blood agar is considered differential because it is used to distinguish pathogenic bacteria based on the effect of bacterial enzymes known as hemolysins which lyse red blood cells. Blood agar is mainly used clinically to detect the presence of Streptococcus pyogenes, the human pathogen which causes "strep throat".

Blood agar can be made selective by the addition of other ingredients.

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